Tuesday, 21 April 2020

Science fiction or science ?: [2] Fish smelling Satyavathi is cured


Series title: Science fiction or science ?   Serial No: 2
 Article TitleFish smelling Satyavathi is cured
Source reference : Mahabharata Book 1;section 63
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Brief description of   event

Sathyavathi, the mother of Vyasa  (later the Queen Mother) is born  with a strong odour of  fish emanating from her. At one time Sage Kashyapa grants her a boon which cures her of this condition.
Under modern medicine the cause of the fish odour has been identified   to a  mutation of a specific gene. And treated accordingly.  
Description of event  as given in source::
…..the king became possessed with desire and he missed Girika's  presence very much. Maddened by desire he was roaming about…………. And noticing that a swift hawk was resting very near to him, the king, acquainted with the subtle truths of Dharma and Artha, went unto him and said, 'Amiable one, Please carry this semen for my wife Girika and give it to her. Her season has arrived…….., the seed fell into the waters of the Yamuna. In those waters dwelt an Apsara of the higher rank, known by the name of Adrika, transformed by a Brahmana's curse into a fish. As soon as Vasu's seed fell into the water from the claws of the hawk, Adrika rapidly approached and swallowed it at once. Some time later that fish was caught by the fishermen.  Ten months later,from the stomach of that fish came out a male and a female child of human form. The fishermen wondered much, and went to king Uparichara  and told him 'O king, these two beings of human shape have been found in the body of a fish!'………... The fish-smelling daughter of the Apsara in her fish form was then given by the king to the fishermen, saying, 'Let this one be your daughter.' That girl was known by the name of Satyavati.
.………That best of Rishis, gratified with all she ( Sathyavathi) said, replied "You shall remain a virgin even if you grant my wish. Ask for a boon that you desire. My grace has never before proved fruitless." Thus addressed, the maiden asked for the boon that her body might emit a sweet scent  instead of the fish odour that it had. The  Rishi granted that wish and she became highly pleased, and her season immediately came. She accepted the embraces of that Rishi. She henceforth became known among men by the name of Gandhavati (the sweet-scented one). Men could perceive her scent from the distance of a yojana and for this she was known by another name which was Yojanagandha ..

Brief  scientific information on this subject
·        This is a condition called ‘Trimethylaminuria; also called ‘fish odor syndrome’
·        Wikipedia describes this condition as follows: “Fish odor syndrome (trimethylaminuria) is a genetic disease; symptoms are often present from birth. Fish odor syndrome is characterized by an offensive body odor and the smell of rotting fish due to the excessive excretion of trimethylaminuria (TMA) in the urine, sweat, and breath of affected individuals.
·        Caused by a metabolic disorder that causes a defect in the normal production of the  enzyme..FMO3
·        If FMO3 is not working correctly or is not produced in enough quantity, body does not convert Trimethylamine (TMA)  in food digestion process into trimethylamine oxide. The TMS builds up and is released  in the person’s sweat, breath, urine , giving off a strong fishy odor

Sources & Details of technical information
Trimethylaminuria (TMAUprimary trimethylaminuria), also known as fish odor syndrome or fish malodor syndrome,[1] is a rare metabolic disorder that causes a defect in the normal production of an enzyme named flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3).When FMO3 is not working correctly or if not enough enzyme is produced, the body loses the ability to properly convert trimethylamine(TMA) from precursor compounds in food digestion into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), through a process called N-oxidation. Trimethylamine then builds up and is released in the person's sweat, urine, and breath, giving off a strong fishy odor or strong body odor. A variant of TMAU (secondary trimethylaminuria or TMAU2) exists where there is no genetic cause, yet excessive TMA is secreted, possibly due to intestinal dysbiosis, altered metabolism, or hormonal causes.
o   Mutations in the FMO3 gene, which is found on the long arm of chromosome 1, cause trimethylaminuria. The FMO3 gene makes an enzyme that breaks down nitrogen-containing compounds from the diet, including trimethylamine. … Normally, the FMO3 enzyme converts fishy-smelling trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide which has no odor. If the enzyme is missing or its activity is reduced because of a mutation in the FMO3 gene, trimethylamine is not broken down and instead builds up in the body. As the compound is released in a person's sweat, urine, and breath, it causes the strong odor 
o   There is no known cure or treatment for the disorder.

Abstract
Trimethylaminuria (TMAuria) (McKusick 602079) first described in 1970 is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a partial or total incapacity to catalyze the N-oxygenation of the odorous compound trimethylamine (TMA). The result is a severe body odor and associated psychosocial conditions. This inborn error of metabolism, previously thought to be rare, is now being increasingly detected in severe and milder presentations. Mutations of a phase 1 detoxicating gene, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), have been shown to cause TMAuria. Herein we describe a cohort of individuals ascertained in North America with severe TMAuria, defined by a reduction of TMA oxidation below 50% of normal with genotype-phenotype correlations. We detected four new FMO3 mutations; two were missense (A52T and R387L), one was nonsense (E314X). The fourth allele is apparently composed of two relatively common polymorphisms (K158-G308) found in the general population. On the basis of this study we conclude that one common mutation and an increasing number of private mutations in individuals of different ethnic origins cause TMAuria in this cohort.

Comments:
This event indicates a likely knowledge of the genetic root cause of this syndrome and consequent knowledge of the treatment methodology for the same.
The fact that a boon given by Sage Parasara  is said to cure  the fish odor and replaces it with a fragrance indicates the likelihood that it is not thru some oral medication but a surgical or genetic intervention
Taking a more literal meaning, it could indicate a spiritual process involving knowledge of the genetic cause  and resetting of the genetic material
Questions that arise:
·         it is stated that  Kasyapa rishi gives a boon to Satyavathi  ridding her of the odour and she is cured. She is not only cured  of the odur but it is replaced by a sweet smell which pervades over a yojana.
·        A valid explanation  for the cure would be a process of correcting the mutation  in the FMO3 gene.
·        Did Rishi Kashyapa  have  knowledge  of the source of the problem and the technological means to make the necessary correction?






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